This article deals with the imperial dilemmas of the globalized racial Muslim identity in the 1870s and the 1880s. While Pan-Islamic public opinion across multiple European empires singled out the Ottoman Caliphate as the voice and representative of the global Muslim community. the Ottoman Caliph-Sultan was the monarch of millions of Christian citizens of the Ottoman Empire. The artic... https://chefesquipmenters.shop/product-category/dusters/